• 2008 •

• 2007 •

Mansfield, Phylis and Pinto, M.B. Consumer Vulnerability and Credit Card Usage: An Exploratory Study Among Developmentally-Disabled Citizens. MBAA International Conference, March 2007, Chicago, IL.

• 2006 •

Pinto, M.B.; Mansfield, Phylis; and Schember, Jaime. The Credit Card Online Game. AACSB Undergraduate Programs Conference, November 2006, Scottsdale , AZ.

• The nontraditional instructional method - an online game designed to teach students the knowledge and skills necessary for wise credit card usage. Interactive instruction or active learning like a game has been shown to be more effective than traditional classroom instruction. This type of instruction engages students in the learning, attracts interest, encourages participation, and is more fun. It incorporates student experience and participation in a medium that they are interested in and comfortable with.

Pinto, M.B.; Mansfield, Phylis; and Schember, Jaime. Credit Card Usage among Developmentally Disabled Citizens: An Exploratory Study. AAFSC Annual Conference and Expo, June 2006, Charlotte, NC.

• Sample: n = 68
• Credit cards may be a key threat to the financial safety and security of developmentally disabled adults.
• Educational initiatives are needed to help this population acquire the life skills to better manage credit and financial situations.

Mansfield, Phylis and Pinto, M.B. Exploratory Study of Senior Citizens' Credit Card Attitudes, and Usage. ACCI Annual Conference, March 2006, Baltimore, MD.

• Sample: n = 27
• Eighteen of the twenty-four respondents (75%) owned a credit card.
• One primary issue that emerged was that of using credit cards to pay for medical expenses.
• The “newness” of these abstract forms of payment (credit cards) poses a great potential for misunderstanding and even misuse by senior citizens
• Educational initiatives are needed to help this population acquire the knowledge and training to enhance credit management.

• 2005 •

Pinto, M.B., and Kreider, Joanna. The Credit Card Game Show: An Application of Interactive Learning. Ciber Institute, Annual Conference, January 2005, Orlando, FL.

• Sample: n = 245
• 82% of students agreed that the Game Show presentation was entertaining.
• 76% of students reported that they knew more about credit cards after the Game Show presentation than they did before.

Pinto, M.B., Mansfield, P.M., and Noce, K. Utilizing the Web as an Interactive Teaching Tool: An Application for Credit Literacy Among College Students. Ciber Institute, Annual Conference, January 2005, Orlando, FL.

• Students find the use of technology as second nature since they have grown up with computers, the World Wide Web, and CDROM’s.
• Websites make information more accessible by a larger number of people.
• Students need to be educated on credit card management, security, and alternatives.

• 2004 •

Pinto, M.B., Mansfield, P.M., and Parente, D.H. Direct Mail Credit Card Solicitation of College Students: An Exploratory Study. American Association of Family and Consumer Science, Annual Conference, June 2004, San Diego, CA.

• Sample: n = 112 Entry-level marketing students. Data received on 550 offers.
• Students receive an average of five credit card offers over six weeks.
• 15% of students accept the offers that they receive in the mail, which is 30 times the nationwide response rate of .4%.
• Direct mail offers had an average 1.6% introductory APR and a 12.4% final APR.
• There is no significant relationship between the number of direct mail offers received, the number of cards owned, and monthly outstanding balances.

• 2003 •

Pinto, M.B., Mansfield, P.M., and Parente, D.H. Credit Consciousness Among College Students: An Exploratory Study. Midwest Business Administration Association Conference, March 2003, Chicago, IL.

• Sample: n = 589 respondents and was defined as traditional college students possessing one or more credit cards.
• 70.8% of students reported having at least one credit card.
• Demographics: 56.9% female and 43% male, over 93% single, and 86% white.
• The results suggest that one with high credit consciousness is likely to exhibit low self-esteem, external locus of control, and higher anxiety levels.
• These students also possess higher numbers of credit cards and higher average credit balances.
  

Pinto, M.B. and Mansfield, P.M. Consumer Socialization: A Theory in Action. ACR Conference, October 2003, Toronto.

• This study develops and proposes a conceptual framework of consumer credit behavior, focusing on its antecedents and outcomes. This framework is based on numerous studies that have addressed issues in consumer socialization, personality characteristics, and situational factors useful in the study of an individual’s attitude toward and use of credit cards. Propositions for further study are considered, and the implications for marketers, should they be supported, are discussed.

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